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The US has warned that American troops and other personnel in the Middle East face the risk of a “significant escalation” of attacks against them as the Israel-Hamas war threatens to broaden into a regional conflict.
Lloyd Austin, the US secretary of defence, said on Sunday he was “concerned about potential escalation” of fighting in the region.
The US is worried the war between Israel and Hamas, which began on October 7 when the Palestinian militant group launched attacks that killed more than 1,400 people in southern Israel, will draw in Iran-backed militants across the Middle East.
Militants attacked two military bases housing American troops in Iraq last week. The US has about 2,500 troops in Iraq, where Iranian-backed militants have evolved into the dominant military and political force, and about 900 in Syria, which is also home to Shia militias supported by Iran.
Washington has ordered all non-emergency US government personnel and family members to leave Iraq. The state department cited “increased security threats against US government personnel and interests” for the order.
Austin said the US had a “right to defend ourselves” and was sending more air defences to the Middle East, including a Terminal High Altitude Area Defence system, which can shoot down ballistic missiles.
The US has also redirected one of two carrier strike groups which had been ordered to head to the eastern Mediterranean. It will instead move to the Persian Gulf.
Additional troops have been placed on standby, on top of the 2,000 which have already been authorised. There are also 2,000 marines in the region.
“If any group or any country is looking to widen this conflict, take advantage of this very unfortunate situation that we see, our advice is don’t,” said Austin.
Both Israel and the US are concerned about increasing fire across Israel’s northern border from Hizbollah, the powerful Lebanese militant group that fought a 34-day war with the Jewish state in 2006.
Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned Hizbollah would be making the “mistake of its life” if it decided to enter the war.
“We will strike it with a force it cannot even imagine and the meaning for it and the Lebanese state will be devastating,” he said.
US president Joe Biden held a phone call with Netanyahu on Sunday to discuss the situation in Israel and Gaza. Biden also convened a call with the leaders of Canada, France, Germany, Italy and the UK on Israel and Hamas.
Netanyahu’s office said French president Emmanuel Macron and Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte were due to visit Israel on Monday and Tuesday.
In a sign of Israeli concerns about fighting on the country’s northern border with Lebanon, officials called for residents in 14 more communities in the area to evacuate.
Hizbollah’s second-in-command Naim Qassem said on Saturday the group was “in the heart of the battle” and warned that Israel would pay a high price if it launched a ground offensive in Gaza.
Hizbollah said five of its fighters had been killed on Saturday, the highest number in a single day since the start of hostilities two weeks ago, bringing the total number to 23.
“We are trying to weaken the Israeli enemy and let them know that we are ready,” Qassem said. Lebanon’s caretaker prime minister Najib Mikati said on Sunday that he would “not hesitate to make every effort to protect Lebanon”.
Meanwhile, Israel stepped up its bombardment of Gaza over the weekend ahead of an expected ground offensive, and again warned Palestinians to evacuate to the south of the besieged coastal strip.
Aid workers said the situation in Gaza, which is controlled by Hamas and home to 2.3mn people, is increasingly perilous.
More than 4,700 people have been killed by Israeli attacks in Gaza since the beginning of the war, Palestinian health officials said.
While a small aid convoy was permitted to enter Gaza on Saturday, the UN said that the 20 truckloads were just “a fraction of what is needed after 13 days of complete siege”. The UN said a further 14 trucks carrying aid crossed from Egypt into Gaza on Sunday evening.
Aid workers said they were starting to see cases of diseases attributable to poor sanitary conditions and consumption of dirty water. They warned the cases were expected to increase unless water and sanitation facilities were provided and electricity resumed functioning.
The UN Palestinian relief agency UNRWA said fuel, which was not delivered in the first humanitarian convoy, was running out, and without it aid would not reach civilians “in desperate need”.
According to the UN, nearly 1mn people have been forced to flee their homes in Gaza since October 7.
Tensions have also soared in the occupied West Bank. On Sunday, Israel launched an aerial strike on a mosque containing what Israel’s military and Shin Bet internal security service called a “terror compound” belonging to Hamas and Islamic Jihad in Jenin. Two people were killed, the Palestinian Red Crescent said.
That followed one of Israel’s deadliest raids in the occupied West Bank in years, in which at least 13 Palestinians were killed in the Nur Shams refugee camp last week, including five children, in what the Israeli military said was a “counterterror” operation.
